SEO Economic Research: The Dutch Trust Industry

This report describes the main results of a study commissioned by the International Management Services Association (VIMS), supported by the Dutch Fiduciary Association (DFA) and carried out by SEO Economic Research. Interviews with stakeholders and a questionnaire among trust offices and extensive desk research are the main pillars of this study. The aim of this inquiry is answering the following questions:

• What services does the Dutch trust industry provide?
• How and to whom are services provided?
• What is the economic impact of the Dutch trust industry on the Dutch economy?
• What is the (competitive) position of the Dutch trust industry in an international perspective?

In order to answer these questions, SEO Economic Research carried out interviews with trust offices, industry organizations, regulators and providers of related professional services. In addition, SEO Economic Research set out a questionnaire among all trust offices in the Netherlands in possession of an ASTO-license and reviewed existing literature.

SEO Economisch Onderzoek: The Dutch Trust Industry

Het rapport The Dutch Trust Industry: facts & figures geeft inzicht in de activiteiten van trustkantoren, de rol van trustdiensten in het internationale financiële systeem en de omvang van de trustsector binnen de Nederlandse (financiële) economie. 

Globalisering en het daarmee gepaard gaande opknippen en uitbesteden van (delen) van de productieketen, doen het belang van de transactiekosten verder toenemen. Regio’s met een adequate financiële infrastructuur hebben vanuit dat perspectief een concurrentievoordeel als vestigingsplaats. Nederland heeft zo’n infrastructuur. Die is onder andere gelegen in een op internationale handel georiënteerd fiscaal stelsel, via de participatievrijstelling, een uitgebreid netwerk van belastingverdragen en een betrouwbaar en stabiel fiscaal klimaat. Een ander sterk punt van Nederland is de aanwezigheid van een grote en professionele financiële sector, die ingesteld is op internationaal zaken doen. 

Bedrijven die zich administratief in Nederland vestigen, doen dat om hun grensoverschrijdende financiële transacties af te handelen, en hun belastingplanning op concernniveau te optimaliseren. Administratieve vestiging in Nederland loopt via zogeheten doelvennootschappen: rechtspersonen in Nederland, met buitenlandse aandeelhouders, waarvan er meer dan 20.000 zijn. Trustkantoren zijn in veel gevallen de beheerders van deze doelvennootschappen en vervullen daarmee een belangrijke functie in de Nederlandse transactie-economie.

Mauritius : Offshore Fund / Collective Investment Scheme holding a Category 1 Global Business Licence (Global scheme)

A Collective Investment Scheme (“CIS”) is defined under the Securities Act 2005 (“SA 2005”) as a scheme approved by the Financial Services Commission (“FSC”) in Mauritius:

• whose sole purpose is the collective investment of funds in a portfolio of securities, or other financial assets, real property or non-financial assets as may be approved by the FSC;
  
• whose operation is based on the principle of diversification of risk;
  
• that has the obligation, on request of the holder of the securities, to redeem them at their net asset value, less commission or fees; and
  
• where the participants do not have day to day control over the management of the property, whether or not they have the right to be consulted or to give directions in respect of such management.

A "Global scheme" is defined under the Securities (Collective Investment Schemes and Closed-end Funds) Regulations 2008 (“Regulations”) as a company or any other legal entity approved by the FSC, holding a Category 1 Global Business Licence (GBL 1) and authorized to carry out activities falling within the definition of a Collective Investment Scheme.

Conditions applicable to Global schemes

The FSC may grant an authorisation for a Global scheme provided that:

1. information relating to the CIS Manager and the custodian as prescribed in the Regulations is submitted with the application for authorisation;
   
2. a CIS administrator [e.g. OCRA (Mauritius) Limited] with a place of business in Mauritius is appointed;
   
3. the accounting and reporting services are carried out by the CIS Manager, or the CIS Administrator of the scheme, having a place of business in Mauritius.
   
4. The prospectus or other offering document contains the following statements in a prominent position -
   
   "Investors in [name of the Global scheme] are not protected by any statutory compensation arrangements in Mauritius in the event of the fund's failure."
   
   "The Mauritius Financial Services Commission does not vouch for the financial soundness of the fund or for the correctness of any statements made or opinions expressed with regard to it."
   
   
5. a certified copy of the prospectus or other offering document filed in a jurisdiction where the collective investment scheme is regulated or exempted from regulation is filed with the FSC;
   
6. information is provided on the CIS Manager and the custodian, including name and registered addresses and where regulated, if applicable;
   
7. information is given on whether the collective investment scheme is regulated, or shall be subject to regulation, in any jurisdiction and if so, a copy of the authorisation or similar consent of the regulator and if not, indication on what basis it is exempted from securities regulation in other jurisdictions;
   
8. adequate measures are taken to prevent money laundering and financing of terrorism and provided that the FSC is satisfied that these measures meet legislative requirements.

An authorisation under section 97(5) SA 2005 may be granted subject to such terms and conditions the FSC considers necessary or desirable for the protection of participants.

Subject to FSC approval, a Global scheme may appoint and retain a CIS Manager and/or a custodian established in a foreign jurisdiction.